Elements and Compounds
An ELEMENT is a substance which cannot be reduced to a simpler substance by chemical means.
Some examples of elements are iron, gold, silver, copper, and oxygen. There are now over 100 known elements.
All the different substances we know about are composed of one or more of these elements.
When two or more elements are chemically combined, the resulting substance is called a COMPOUND.
A compound is a chemical combination of elements which can be separated by chemical but not by physical means.
Examples of common compounds are water which consists of hydrogen and oxygen, and table salt, which consists of sodium and chlorine.
A MIXTURE, on the other hand, is a combination of elements and compounds, not chemically combined, that can be separated by physical means.
Examples of mixtures are air, which is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of several rare gases, and sea water, which consists chiefly of salt and water.
Below is an example of the elements as shown on a periodic table.
As you can see there are over one hundred known elements.
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